Tympanic Membrane Perforations
A ruptured eardrum, also called a tympanic membrane perforation, is a hole or tear in the eardrum caused by infection, trauma, or complications from ear tubes. A perforation can lead to middle ear drainage and potential hearing loss. Most ruptured eardrums will heal on their own without medical intervention, though some may require surgical treatment, known as tympanoplasty. All cases should be monitored until fully resolved.
Ruptured eardrums are typically caused by infection, injury, or eustachian tube dysfunction. Middle ear infections can lead to a buildup of pressure that may rupture the eardrum.
Trauma, such as a head injury, skull fracture, or exposure to a sudden loud noise like an explosion, can also cause a perforation. Inserting objects like bobby pins or Q-tips into the ear to clean wax can inadvertently puncture the eardrum as well. Chronic eustachian tube issues may weaken the eardrum, making it more susceptible to rupture. Every ENT has a story about the dangers of Q-tips!
Some people may not notice a ruptured eardrum, as symptoms can be mild or nonexistent. However, common symptoms include a sudden sharp pain in the ear, fluid discharge that may be clear, bloody, or pus-like, buzzing or ringing in the ear (tinnitus), partial or complete hearing loss, ear infections, facial weakness, or dizziness.
To diagnose a ruptured eardrum, a doctor will use an otoscope to visually inspect the eardrum for holes or tears. In most cases, no specific treatment is needed, as the eardrum will heal on its own within a few months. Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent or treat infections. While the eardrum is healing, it’s important to keep the ear dry and avoid water entering the ear canal. If the eardrum doesn't heal on its own, Dr. Sipp may recommend a tympanoplasty to repair the perforation.